烟草在线据《烟业通讯》报道编译　　据《MTI经济新闻》引用匈牙利反对党社会党议员Csaba Toth的话报道说，在只允许获得经营许可证的国有烟店出售卷烟的新法5月生效后，匈牙利一些村庄的吸烟者在当地将没有购买卷烟的途径了。

　　正如4月3日报道的那样，匈牙利国会在2012年9月批准了从2013年7月1日开始，对烟草产品的零售建立国家垄断的法律。

　　负责监督建立烟草产品零售国家垄断的匈牙利国家烟草贸易非营利组织说，到初始投标中规定的最后期限2月22日时，已经提交的烟草零售申请为15633份。

　　不过，在1417个村庄里，没有申请提交。因此进行了新的招标。

　　Csaba Toth说，由于新一轮招标的中标者将在4月23日宣布，因此，这些商店还有足够的时间一直开门经营到5月1日的最后期限为止，之后，就只有获得经营许可证的烟草商店才可以出售卷烟了。

　　他补充说，这将会鼓励黑市的贸易，导致消费税收入减少。

评论：

　　一般来说，在任何行业内，自由竞争的开放市场都比高度垄断的市场要更有活力，也更利于市场的发展。为了打破垄断，政府也会退出市场，不对市场进行过多干预。然而，烟草行业却是一个特例，由于烟草产品被公认为对人体有害，但是同时烟草产品也是合法产品，因此，烟草业面临着合法但不符合企业伦理的一个道德困境，而政府也会出于公众利益考虑，限制烟草业的自由宣传和销售，于是就可能出现政府对销售终端的垄断。我们不能简单地去评论开放或垄断哪种市场更好，而是应该综合考虑，只要能达到预期的目的，就是最好的选择。

Hungary Moves from Open Market to Monopoly to Zeropoly

　　Smokers in some Hungarian villages will not have local access to cigarettes after a new law allowing only state-licensed tobacconists to sell cigarettes comes into effect in May, according to an MTI-EcoNews story quoting the opposition Socialist lawmaker, Csaba Toth.

　　As was reported here on April 3, the country's parliament adopted legislation in September last year for the establishment of a state monopoly of the retail sale of tobacco products on July 1, 2013.

　　The National Tobacco Trade Non-profit, which is overseeing the establishment of the monopoly, said that 15,633 applications for the retail sale of tobacco had been submitted by the February 22 deadline stipulated in the initial tender.

　　No applications were submitted in the case of 1,417 villages, however; so new tenders have been invited.

　　But since the winners of the new round of tenders would be announced only on April 23, said Toth, there would not be enough time for the shops to open on May 1, the deadline after which only licensed tobacconists may sell cigarettes.

　　This would encourage black market trading and result in a drop in excise tax revenues, he added. Enditem